Monday, 30 January 2012

Foolhardy CM-disciples of A Wayward Guruji vying...!



There seems to be a friendly contest between two Chief Ministers of states in the country for achieving the dubious distinction of suffering highest number of judicial setbacks and strictures by courts. The contenders for the coveted crown of notoriety are Tamil Nadu Chief Minister Jayalalitha and her friend, Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi.
In spite of all his pretentions of development orientation and cock and bull story of getting tens of thousands of Letters of Indent (LoIs) signed for investments of tens of lakh crores of rupees in melas called ‘Vibrant Gujarat’ (For instance, he claimed that investment proposals for Rs.20.83 lakh crores were received during the two-day 2011 Vibrant Gujarat mela on Jan 13, 14), Modi and his propaganda team of Sangh Parivar promoters cannot erase the soot (on his face) of ruthless leader of state-sponsored pogrom during the post-Godhra riots in 2002, a black chapter in the history of Independent India.
Since 2002, the media has lost count of the number of judicial setbacks and details of judicial censures suffered by Modi.
To cap it all came an extraordinary judgment against Modi that must count among the sharpest indictments ever handed out to any state government in the history of Democratic India. The Gujarat High Court on Jan.18 upheld Governor Kamla Beniwal’s appointment of Justice R.A.Mehta as the Lokayukta over the objections by Narendra Modi and his Council of Ministers.
The Gujarat Lokayukta has been headless since 2003, thanks to a protracted battle over the choice of nominee that saw Modi ranged against the Governor and the Chief Justice of the High Court. Modi not only insistently contested the primacy the opinion implicitly granted to the Chief Justice by the Gujarat Lokayukta Act, 1986, but remained stuck on a single name: Justice J.R. Vora, who figured in the panel initially proposed by the Chief Justice, but who subsequently rendered himself ineligible by virtue of his May 2010 appointment as a director of the Gujarat Judicial Academy. The Chief Minister’s intransigence unavoidably led to a situation of confrontation with the Chief Justice, who, after factoring-in the state government’s objection to Justice Mehta, concluded that he was a better choice for the post.
The process for the appointment of a Lokayukta in the State began early last year and the then Chief Justice Mukhopadhyaya recommended Justice Mehta's name for the post in April 2011 after the Modi government sounded the Chief Justice twice for the appointment of a particular retired judge for the post. Justice Mehta, however, was not acceptable to Modi as the watchdog of the State government.
The Governor's August 25, 2011 order unilaterally appointing Justice Mehta as the Lokayukta was a sequel to a series of political measures the government took apparently to block Justice Mehta's appointment whom the ruling party believed to be “unfriendly [to] and biased” against  Modi and was “close” to some voluntary organisations and other “known anti-Modi and anti-BJP” institutions.
In a bid to blunt the Opposition Congress campaign against the Modi government of alleged “large-scale corruption” in the absence of a Lokayukta, the post which had remained vacant since 2003 after the then Lokayukta resigned in the wake of the change of guard when Modi took over the reins from his predecessor Keshubhai Patel, the Modi government announced constitution of a judicial inquiry commission on August 17, 2011, to probe all allegations of corruption not only against his government but also all the governments, including the previous governments, that held offices in the State since 1980. Also, the government immediately appointed justice M.B. Shah, also a retired judge of the High Court, to constitute the judicial inquiry commission to start functioning immediately.
On August 24, the government appointed a Cabinet sub-committee under the chairmanship of Finance Minister Vajubhai Vala to recommend measures to amend the State Lokayukta Act apparently with the intention to curb the powers of the Governor in appointing the Lokayukta, making consultation with the government obligatory and to limit the Lokayukta's areas of functioning. The appointment of the Cabinet sub-committee was enough to alarm the Governor, who the next day issued an unilateral order accepting the recommendation of Justice Mukhopadhyaya and appointing Justice Mehta as the Lokayukta.
The government the very next day filed a petition in the High Court challenging the Governor's order. The Division Bench of the High Court on October 10 and 11 delivered a split verdict, forcing the High Court to send the matter to a third judge to decide on the issue.
Justice Mehta so far has not resumed office of the Lokayukta since his appointment was challenged the very next day, but after the majority verdict he would be free to take over the charge unless restrained by the Supreme Court.
The single judge bench of Justice V.M.Sahai ruled that although the Governor was otherwise required to act on the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers, he had become obliged to exercise her discretionary powers in this case, because it fell in the rarest of rare category where a ‘spiteful’ Chief Minister and his ‘brazen’ and ‘irrational’ Council of Ministers had put democracy in peril by obstructing the appointment of Lokayukta.
Passing strong strictures on Narendra Modi, Justice V.M.Sahai said, “The clear refusal of the Chief Minister to accept the primacy of opinion of the Chief Justice of the High Court had the velocity which had shattered the faith in rule of law which is the essence of democracy and integrity institution of Lokayukta.”
The judge said that looking at the “brazen conduct and irrationality of the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister,” he was of the “considered opinion” that the Governor (Kamla Beniwal) “rightly exercised her discretionary powers under Article 163 of the Constitution and appointed Justice (retired) Mehta as Lokayukta.”
Justice Sahai said a “constitutional mini-crisis was sparked off by the Chief Minister” acting arbitrarily. The Governor's action, appointing Justice Mehta the Lokayukta “with or without the advice of the Council of Ministers, was for “preserving our democracy from being beleaguered and to prevent tyranny.”
He said acceptance of the Chief Minister's August 18, 2011 letter to the Chief Justice and the Governor, in which Modi made it clear that Justice Mehta's name was not acceptable to the government and wanted the Chief Justice to suggest another name, “would have resulted in a complete breakdown of the rule of law and erosion of principles of democracy.”
Justice Sahai's order pointed out that the appointment of the M. B. Shah Judicial Commission to probe all allegations of corruption since 1980 and the subsequent issuance of ordinances, for the signature of the Governor, curtailing the powers of the Chief Justice showed that the Chief Minister was under a “false impression that he could turn down the superiority and primacy of the Chief Justice's opinion, which was binding.”
“The case in hand is one of its own kind. Extraordinary situations demand extraordinary remedies. Open resistance of the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister in not accepting the primacy of the opinion of the Chief Justice has created a crisis situation,” the order said. Had the Chief Minister's repeated requests to the Chief Justice to recommend the name of Justice J. R. Vora for the post been accepted, “it would have set a pernicious trend and would have propitiated the public functionaries who were likely to fall under the scanner of the Lokayukta and destroyed the integrity of the institution as envisaged under the Act.” After his objections to Justice Mehta's name were turned down “on valid grounds,” the “miffed reaction of the Chief Minister showed his discordant approach.”
“The pranks of the Chief Minister demonstrate deconstruction of our democracy and the questionable conduct of stonewalling the appointment of Justice Mehta as Lokayukta threatened the rule of law.” The Chief Minister's refusal to perform his statutory or constitutional obligations, and his efforts at stonewalling the appointment of the Lokayukta by trying to amend the Act through an ordinance, were “depraved and truculent actions. The aforesaid exceptional facts establish that deconstruction of democracy was at work. It was necessary to remove the aporia created by the action of the Chief Minister and a responsible constitutional decision was required to be taken by the Governor so that democracy may thrive.”
Justice Sahai's order said: “For preserving our democracy from being beleaguered and to prevent tyranny, it became absolutely essential for the Governor to exercise her discretionary power under Article 163 and to appoint Justice Mehta as Lokayukta, without or contrary to the aid and advice of the Council of Ministers headed by the Chief Minister as their action and conduct were perilous to our democracy and rule of law.”
If these are the latest in the series of setbacks and strictures suffered by Narendra Modi from the higher judiciary, those faced by Jayalalitha as the ruler of the State and in her personal capacity in facing criminal cases against her, are no less severe.
In a single day on Jan 23, Jaya regime suffered two setbacks, one in Supreme Court and the other in Madras High Court.
The Supreme Court ordered stay for the Government Order issued on Augst last, bringing Tamil Nadu Public Service Commission affairs under the purview of DVAC of police department, based on which raids were conducted in the office and recidences of its former chairman and members since October. Challenging the order, a PIL was filed by Dr. A.Lakshmanan and Dr. Panneerselvam contending that the TNPSC was an autonomous body. When it came for hearing before the bench of Justices Dhanvir Bandari and Deepak Misra, the bench ordered stay on the GO and for DVAC investigation.
The ADMK government lost yet another legal battle in the Madras High Court when its order abolishing the 12,618 Makkal Nala Paniyalargal (welfare workers) posts was quashed by a single judge. Justice K Suguna, ordering the immediate reinstatement of all the workers, said the government order dated November 8, 2011 had been issued due to “political and extraneous considerations.” “Unfortunately, the government has not brought before this court any record to substantiate the reason mentioned in the order and no argument was also advanced by the advocate-general with regard to this,” she said.
    Noting that it was a serious humanitarian problem and that 12,618 employees could not be sent home abruptly overnight, Justice Suguna said: “Viewing from any angle, a perusal of the details reveals that the stand of the counsel for the petitioners that the order had been passed for political reasons has to be accepted.” The judge referred to the fact that the posts were first created by the DMK government in 1989, and were abolished by the subsequent ADMK government in 1991. The posts were created again in 1997when the DMK returned to power, only to be scrapped by the ADMK government in 2001. Again the DMK restored the posts and re-appointed the workers in 2006, and the present ADMK government disbanded them in 2011. Noting that theses details clearly revealed that the reasons for the disbandment of the posts were political, Justice Suguna said: “A political party assuming power is entitled to engraft the political philosophy behind the party. But, in the matter of execution of a decision taken by the previous government which does not involve any political philosophy, the successive government is duty-bound to continue the same rather than put an end to that.” When it is brought to the notice of the court that for extraneous considerations and political reasons, orders are repeatedly passed so as to affect more than 12,000employees,the court certainly has to look into the matter and see whether the abolition of posts is justified, Justice Suguna observed. Once a budget sanction is made for a particular post, then it will get its sanctity on a par with other regular posts, she said, reiterating her conclusion that the government had not been able to justify the abolition of posts with right reasons.
The Madras High Court stay of the conversion of the Rs 550 crore secretariat-assembly complex into a hospital on Jan.18 is the fourth major setback to the attempts by Jayalalitha to overturn the pet projects implemented by the DMK government.
Restraining the Jayalalitha regime from making any further alteration to the designer-building till the main petition against the move has been disposed of, a division bench of the court asked the government if it had obtained environmental clearance for making it a hospital. The court said that the environmental clearance obtained for the construction of the building would not include clearance for modification. “Keep your hands off the building”, the bench said. The hearing will continue next month.
Earlier, the Jayalalitha regime suffered legal roadblocks when it tried to reverse samacheer kalvi system; sack a band of part-time welfare workers (makkal nala paniyalarkal) appointed by the DMK government across the state; and convert an ultra-modern library (Anna Centenary Library) named after Arignar Anna into a paediatric hospital. There were also other reversals that found legal resistance, but they were less politically significant and smaller in scale, such as stay for cancellation of land allotted to Muthamizh Peravai and bid for reallocation of government land to a private horticulture society, attempt to sack APROs appointed during DMK rule and the bid to evict M.K.Stalin and T.R.Baalu from their respective offices allotted by the Chennai Corporation.
In the case of the education scheme, the government went up to the Supreme Court, but in vain, while in the dismissal of the welfare workers, the High Court has stalled the decision. The two big-ticket conversions, curiously both into hospitals, are pending in the high court. In its excessive eagerness to overturn the legacy of the DMK rule, the present government has embarked on changes that could have been avoided.
The court orders, including the latest one, in fact act as speed-breakers for overzealous policy changes based on political expediency. In its excessive eagerness to overturn the legacy of the DMK rule, the present government has embarked on changes that could have been avoided. Even if the previous schemes were found inadequate, improving them, than scrapping them, could have made tremendous practical and governance sense in a state that requires fast-track action to sustain a minimum socio-economic progress.
The Samacheer Kalvi system is a case in point. When Kalaignar attempted, with reasonable success, was to integrate various educational systems covering 12 million students, 45,000 state board schools, 11,000 matriculation schools, 25 oriental schools and 50 Anglo-Indian schools, and different syllabi, text books and exams into a uniform system of school education.

If certain portions of the textbooks were objectionable and Jayalalitha had her reasons to be miffed, she could have rectified the mistake and retained the noble idea of unifying the otherwise confusing systems of education. Instead, she tried to drop it altogether, throwing the future of thousands of children into uncertainty for several months. The government was stubborn until the Supreme Court asked them to stop and go back.
Dismissing the government’s contention, the Supreme Court even said that it was a pre-determined political decision.  Finally, the government blacked out the objectionable content and sent the books to students.
While the move to convert the secretariat into a hospital did not raise any public outrage, except perhaps derision and indifference, the decision on the Rs 170 crore Anna Centenary Library created a huge and spontaneous outcry among various quarters. The nine-floor library, the largest in South Asia, can accommodate 1.2 million books and has the most advanced systems in library management.
Everything about this library is modern and large-scale. But Jayalalitha was not amused and found the building suitable only for a multispeciality children’s hospital, which led to a petition in the High Court which stayed her move. There has been an online campaign against this curious move.
The sacking of 13,000 welfare workers, which has been stalled by the high court, was a sad affair. Whether they were appointed by the DMK or not, the workers had a reasonable monthly income that sustained thousands of families and dovetailed with other public works programmes and social protection schemes such as the NREGA. In fact, in the alternating cycle of DMK and ADMK, they got hurt every time the government changed. When the high court reversed the order of the state government of sacking them, the latter went to the Supreme Court, which referred the case back to the High Court, which passed its order now.
The Supreme Court lashed out at the ADMK regime on Nov.29 for the government’s decision to sack about 13,000 Makkal Nala Paniyalargal (MNPs), observing that there should be ‘some rule of law in the State.’ It said the decision reflected badly on the rule of law in the State. A Bench of Justice D.K.Jain and Justice Anil Dave, hearing a special leave petition against the interim order of the Madras High Court directing re-instatement of the MNPs, asked the State Additional Advocate General Guru Krishna Kumar, “What is happening in your State?” SC said the workers remained in job for full five years after their appointment by the previous regime, but the ADMK government removed them soon after assuming office.
“How can you justify such an action when it involved appointment and removal of such large number of contract workers” the top court asked. Justice Jain told the ASG, “Every five years you (State) appoint them. Thereafter, you remove them, again appoint them. Is there not a rule of law, there must be some rule of law in the State.
These candid observations of the Apex court imply that whether it is ADMK or the DMK that rule the State, the State government remains the same and the decisions taken during the previous rule shall be binding on the succeeding regime and shall not be changed unless patently unlawful, in which case it would have been challenged and struck down by the courts then and there. But Jayalalitha whimsically reverses everything constructively done during the previous DMK rule, resulting in not only drain the public money but also causing annoyance and distress to the people, who elected her to power.
So, the Hon’ble Judges of the Supreme Court need have no doubt. Undoubtedly, there is no rule of law in Tamil Nadu, under Jayalalitha’s dispensation.
For the State, law is not just books of rules and codes, but the letter and spirit of the law is paramount guideline. There is a saying in Tamil, ‘ahid tU« Ënd, kânahir tU« K‹nd’ which means, ‘The elephant will arrive later, but the ringing sound of the bell tied around its neck will resonate in advance.’ So also even before Jayalalitha assumed office, the administration went astray. When the meticulously planned and designed New Secretariat complex was inaugurated in March 2010, even while everyone was hailing of as an architectural marvel, Jayalalitha ridiculed the buildings ‘looking like circus tents’ and her cohorts were declaring that she would assume power in Fort St. George. But this was neither made a part of their election manifesto nor a point of her campaign, lest her alliance parties and the people would not have agreed.
But even as the poll results were trickling in on May 13, 2011 and the ADMK poised to secure majority, the New Secretariat/ Assembly, functioning for more than a year, was shifted overnight to Fort St. George, vacating the Classical Tamil Library that was functioning there. Jayalalitha and her ministers were sworn-in only on May 16 and the Cabinet meeting was also held at Fort St. George. Till date, the government has not clarified as to who and with what authority ordered the shifting of the Secretariat, the seat of power.
It was Jayalalitha, who during her previous tenure announced on 23 April 2003 in the Assembly, that her government had decided to shift the Secretariat from Fort St. George, ‘as it was not safe and unfit for human habitation.’ But the alternative site she proposed was turned down by the High Court. Thereafter she chose another site in Adyar and performed Bhoomi Pooja shrouded in secret, but could not and did not proceed further due to stiff resistance by the residents of the area.
In the spirit of continuity of the government in spite of change of rule, as pointed out by the Supreme Court now, Kalaignar honoured Jayalalitha’s announcement of shifting the Secretariat from Fort St. George and constructed in the Government Estate on Anna Salai, which could not face any opposition.
Now Jayalalitha has gone against her own announcement and has returned to Fort St. George, which she said was ‘unfit for human habitation’. She and her ministers can call themselves anyway as they please, but certainly government officials and employees and people who visit are human beings.
In order to justify the colossal wastage of people’s money to the tune of over Rs.1,000 crore, Jayalalitha alleged irregularities in the construction of the New Secretariat and ‘deficiency in standards of construction’ and appointed a Commission of Inquiry. Then she announced that the New Secretariat complex would be converted in a multispeciality hospital and sent a team of doctors to study such hospitals in other parts of the country.
When it is alleged that there is ‘deficiency in standards of construction’ and it has been set a term of reference for the Inquiry Commission, people would ask ‘how a hospital be located in such a deficient building, risking the lives of patients and medical staff !? Another question is, if there are only irregularities in construction and deficiency in standards of construction,’ why not use the complex for the purpose it was built after rectifying the deficiencies and complete construction of other blocs so as to accommodate all departments.
If only there is Rule of law in the State, will all these outrageous actions of an individual springing from her personal ego and whims, be allowed to take the State and its people for a ride?
The very first decision of the Cabinet meeting of the ADMK regime was to put on hold Samacheer Kalvi scheme introduced by the previous DMK rule intended to abolish four streams of school education and replace with one uniform and equitable syllabus and pattern of school education, after months of thorough study, discussions and consultations with educationists and academics by an expert committee headed by a retired Vice-Chancellor of a university. It was not introduced in a hasty and haphazardous manner, but introduced in the first and sixth standard in the academic year 2010-11 and for the rest of the classes from the current academic year. Text books for the new syllabus were also prepared, printed and kept ready for distribution. Private matriculation schools, which were aggrieved over loss of their commercial exploitation of education, moved upto the Supreme Court to stall Samacheer Kalvi but it was upheld by the courts.
Hence the question arised as to why Jayalalitha, immediately after assuming office should resort to this action, even without any review of the system. Inasmuch as the move was beneficial only to the aggrieved private school sharks, it was believed that the move was in return for pre-election ‘consideration’. Naturally aggrieved parents of over 1.25 crore school-going children, and educationists protested and knocked the doors of judiciary. Throughout the State students agitated. Unmoved and adamant the ADMK regime brought an amendment Act to postpone implementation of the system. It was challenged in the Madras High Court. While delivering the verdict, Justices S. Rajeswaran and Tmt. K.P.K. Vasuki said, “The intention of Samacheer Kalvi is clear. A study team consisting of best experts studied in detail and recommended implementation of Samacheer Kalvi. The recommendations of the committee cannot be easily ignored. Besides, while already incurring huge expenditure, is it necessary to further expend more? The Advocate General should give proper counsels to the government.”
When the Tamil Nadu government went on further appeal to the Supreme Court against the judgement of the Madras High Court, Justices P.S.Chowhan and Swanthira Kumar in their order said, “Samacheer Kalvi brought for classes one and six last year should be continued to be implemented. If it is stopped in between there will be confusion. Samacheer Kalvi should also be implemented this year itself for classes 2 to 5 and 7 to 10. If there were any shortcomings in that syllabi, a committee of experts could be set up and that committee to file its report within two weeks to the Madras High Court. Considering importance of this case the High Court should hear it on day-to-day basis and deliver judgement within a week.”
According to this order ADMK government set up a committee of educationists. It was widely held that only those who were opposed Samacheer Kalvi found place in that committee. Without bothering all those things, the rulers prepared a report through that committee itself and filed that report in the High Court. The Chief Justice and another judge of the Madras High Court in their order explained in detail about the report of the committee and said, “We have no hesitation to hold that the State has exceeded in its powers in bringing the Amending Act to postpone an enactment which has already come into force. Text books required for other classes besides classes one and six had already been printed and considerable amount of work have been completed. They have also been uploaded on the website. At this stage bringing amendment to the Samacheer Kalvi Act, would affect the interests of students. Hence the amendment brought by Tamil Nadu government amending that Act is not valid. We hold them null and void. The text books for Samacheer Kalvi should be immediately distributed to the students. Hence in the interest of future of the students and the interest of the country we hope the State government would immediately take action to implement Samacheer Kalvi.”
Even after this, without respecting the High Court order and ignoring the request of the all parties in Tamil Nadu persuading the Tamil Nadu government not to go on further appeal to the Supreme Court and implement the order of the High Court, the Tamil Nadu government went to the Supreme Court.
The Supreme Court in its interim report refused to give interim stay to the Madras High Court order and told the government to distribute Samacheer Kalvi text books before August 2. Even after five days of this order, the Tamil Nadu government did not start the work of distributing text books to students.  Instead the counsel for Tamil Nadu government told the Supreme Court that there was no possibility for implementing Samacheer Kalvi during this year itself; it was very clear that the Tamil Nadu government was not at all bothered about the condition of the students of Tamil Nadu. Even after 2 months of reopening of schools the students were not aware of the text books that they were going to study during this year and the parents also were agonized. As the Tamil Nadu government, unbothered about all these and not respecting the orders of the courts and not heeding to the opinions of all party leaders, was adamantly sticking on its stand.
Ultimately, the Supreme Court on Aug. 9 directed the Tamil Nadu government to implement Samacheer Kalvi for classes 2 to 5 and 7 to 10 in ten days.
A three-Judge Bench of Justice J.M. Panchal, Justice Deepak Misra and Justice B.S. Chauhan dismissed a batch of appeals filed by the Tamil Nadu government and on behalf of association of matriculation schools in support of the State challenging the Madras High Court judgment.
The Bench upheld the High Court’s decision declaring unconstitutional the amendment made to the Tamil Nadu Uniform System of School Education Act to defer implementation of the USSE and gave 25 reasons why the impugned judgment should be sustained. The judgement said:
“Students can not be put to so much strain and stress unnecessarily. The entire exercise by the Government is therefore arbitrary, discriminatory and oppressive to students, teachers and parents.
The State Government should have acted bearing in mind that “destiny of a nation rests with its youths”.  Personality of a child is developed at the time of basic education during his formative years of life. Their  career  should  not  be  left  in  dolorific  conditions  with uncertainty  to  such  a  great  extent. The younger  generation  has  to compete in global market.  Education is not a consumer service nor the educational institution can be equated with shops, therefore, “there are statutory prohibitions for establishing and administering educational institution without prior permission or approval by the authority concerned…
Thus, the State Government could by no means be justified in amending the provisions of Section 3 of the Act 2010, particularly in such uncertain terms. Undertaking  given by  the learned  Advocate General to the High Court that the Act 2010 would be implemented in  the academic year 2012-13, cannot be a good reason to hold the Act 2011 valid.
Submissions advanced on behalf of the government that it is within the exclusive domain of the legislature to fix the date of commencement of an Act, and court has no competence to interfere in such a matter, is totally misconceived for the reason that the legislature in its wisdom had fixed the dates of commencement of the Act though in a phased manner. The Act commenced into force accordingly. The courts intervened in the matter in peculiar circumstances and passed certain orders in this regard also.  The legislature could not wash off the effect of those judgments at all…
So many punches had landed on the ADMK government’s face that it now has no face at all. The string of reverses that the Jaya regime has been suffering in courts in recent times has to be seen to be believed. While the list looks endless, the quashing of more than a dozen Goondas Act detention orders passed against DMK functionaries too fell through rather tamely, despite the hype that proceeded their arrests. “It is true advocates have a field day whenever the ADMK captures power. But in my long experience I have not seen so many reverses in such a short span”, said a senior advocate, who did not want to be quoted.
During her earlier tenure too between 2001 and 2006, Jayalalitha regime triggered a virtual avalanche of court cases when it took high voltage decisions such as dismissal of 1.5 lakh government employees, ban on animal sacrifice in temples, introducing Anti-conversion law, POTA detentions, attacks on journalists etc.,
Thus, as Chief Ministers, Gujarat’s Narendra Modi and Tamil Nadu’s Jayalalitha stand out among all Chief Ministers of all states at present and in the past since independence – for being pulled up by higher courts repeatedly, and vying with each other for the top slot in the maximum number of times for such humiliations – a disgrace indeed to the great lands of Mahatma Gandhi, Thanthai Periyar and Arignar Anna.
A news was posted on December 1 last in the website www.namoleague.com of the fans of Narendra Modi (Namo)’: A group of Tamil drama artists was in Ahmedabad and some of the persons in that group were Modi-fans. They expressed interest in meeting him and got appointment on the same day for a 30-minute chat at Modi’s residence in Gandhi Nagar. One of them then quipped, “How nice it would be if India had 28 Namo’s.” to which the man simply smiled (what a wild imagination). When one of them told Namo that they had initially tried to get permission to meet him through Cho in Chennai. Modi said, “Aah, Cho saab...woh toh mere Guruji hain.” The same Cho is also now the Aasthana Guru of Poes Garden.
And this Guruji, has now proposed either of his disciples, Narendra Modi or Jayalalitha, both castigated by courts for their lawless regimes in states, for the post of Prime Minister of India. What an audacity? Isn’t it an insult to the nation?






Having crafted a wonderful veena

[The following is the translated version of a special article under the above mentioned title in the section ‘Tamil Nadu – Classical Language Research Centre’ by its correspondent R.Mani in its issue dated Feb.1, 2012.]
The Classical Tamil Research Centre and one of its organ ‘Paavendar Classical Tamil Language Research Library’, created with utmost care during Kalaignar’s rule, now remain paralysed with none to take care of.
M.Alarmel Mangai, who took for her Ph.D., thesis, the content and quality of research papers produced in the last 150 years on Tamil classics, Tholkappiyam and Muthollayiram, would not have thought that she would suddenly be subjected to such a crisis. After completing her M.A., in English literature from Delhi University, when she wished to achieve something in her mother tongue, Tholkappiyam and Muthollayiram attracted her interest. Owing to family circumstances, she started her Ph.D., research work on this subject of her liking in Delhi University itself. The reason for her confidence was the shifting of Classical Tamil Higher Research Centre functioning in Mysore to Chennai in 2007. That research papers of the past 200 years and rare compilations of informations on 41 classical literatures including Tholkappiyam and Muthollayiram found place in Paavendar Tamil Research Library attached to this centre., gave her the courage to take up research on this subject.
But now Alarmel Mangai feels like travelling in a paddleless boat. Reason is the shabby and disorderly state in which the Paavendar Classical Tamil Research Library is now.  Immediately after winning in 2011 Assembly elections and assuming the seat of power, the first work J. Jayalalitha performed was immediately shifting Paavendar Classical Research Library functioning at Old Assembly Hall to New Secretariat complex. Overnight about 40,000 rare varieties of books and palm leaf manuscripts were bundled in gunny bags and carried away. These bundles were strewn over the floors in a only 4,000 sq ft. room in New Secretariat complex. This library functioning in 14,000 sq ft. was shifted to just 4,000 sq ft. room. Those which could be accommodated in 86 steel book racks were stored in that 4,000 sq ft. room to the extent possible and the rest are lying in a pitiable condition in the veranda outside at Omandurar Government Estate complex where New Secretariat is situated. Thousands of books are remaining stale without being taken out from hardboard boxes. An employee of the library who wants to be anonymous told told ‘India Today’, “We do not know how to take out these books without any damage to them, seggregate and place in order. All are the outcome of human labour of a few centuries.”
Due to the consistent efforts of DMK President Kalaignar the Central government accorded classical language status to Tamil. Then Higher Research Centre for Tamil was set up in the  Division for Classical Languages in Mysore. This forum functioning under Union Human Resources Ministry was shifted to Chennai in 2007 after Kalaignar took charge as Tamil Nadu Chief Minister. As a part of this Paavendar Classical Tamil Research Library was set up. It was with the intention of developing usage of Classical Tamil in all manners that this research centre and this library to support it were set up. This library found with the aim of assisting students of Tamil working for post-graduate degrees and Ph.D., and post-Ph.D. degrees, remains unused by anybody during the last seven months.
The police do not permit anybody even to the side where the room containing these books in the New Secretariat is situated. This is bringing tears in the eyes of Tamil students and enthusiasts. But, except a few, others even avoid speaking about this. “What is there to speak about this?” The truths are clearly visible to you. Let the media report what they witness. Moreover, nobody looks at things objectively. They see only from the angle of so-and-so is close to so-and-so”, says former Anna University Vice-Chancellor and Tamil scholar V.C.Kulandaiswamy. Officials concerned say that despite their several requests for an appointment with Jayalalitha for demanding allocation of a new office space for them, they could not get it. “Nobody demands that the library should be in a particular place. But after shifting the library new place should have been given. In Jaffna Library was set ablaze in 1981. This atrocity has taken place in 2011. If this had happened during Kalaignar’s rule, those claiming Tamil nationalism would have arose in agitation. But now they keep mum without uttering anything”, laments Suba Veerapandian, Tamil Professor and President of Dravida Iyakka Tamizhar Peravai.
Lot of rare books, particularly grammar books and research books on them have been collected. These works have been collected in the form of compact discs. Rare books of many languages including Sanskrit, Greek and Urdu are also decaying there. The Classical Language Centre is facing difficulty without knowing ways for spending Rs.35 crore allocated during 11th Plan. Poet Bharathi said,
"நல்லதோர் வீணை செய்தே - அதை
நலங்கெடப் புழுதியி லெறிவ துண்டோ?"
which means,
‘Having crafted a wonderful veena – shall thou
consign it to dust to spoil?’
The only sin committed by this veena is it was crafted by Kalaignar. Jawaharlal Nehru said, “the civilisation of a society will be judged according to the manner in which it maintains its libraries.’ But the present rulers do not seem to have even an iota of worry about all these civilised manners.’
Courtesy: India Today (Tamil), Feb.1, 2012.

Saturday, 28 January 2012

Let’s raise voice to reclaim Devikulam – Peermedu

DMK President Kalaignar M.Karunanidhi wished that the state should stake its claim for Peermedu and Devikulam areas in Idukki district, where the dam is located and bring them under its territory.
“Let us raise our voice raised by Arignar Anna, communist leader Jeevanandam and Ma.Po.Si. and other leaders in 1956 and stake claim for including Peermedu, where the dam is located and Devikulam, the catchment areas, which were once belonged to the Madras Presidency in Tamil Nadu territory,” the DMK President said.
In a statement here, he said the Centre should come forward to correct the mistake committed by then British Governor of Madras Presidency in 1886 and wipe out the injustice done to Tamil Nadu during the partition of states on linguistic basis.
 
The Tamil Nadu government should also take serious steps to get back the lost territories in Idukki district and include them with Tamil Nadu, Kalaignar said. “Had we got back the territories in 1886 itself, when the King of Trvancore offered the same to avoid any conflicts in future, the Mullaiperiyar dam row would not have reached to this level,” Kalaignar said.  Recalling the historical background, Kalaignar said Peermedu, the site selected for building the dam and Devikulam, the catchment area, were under the regime of Pandiya Kingdom till the 12th century. Then it was a part of Poonayaru Tamil princely state called ‘Poorsar’.
Though the areas belonged to Tamils, they were wrongly given to Travancore Princely State and an agreement was reached to this effect in 1886. Historians had pointed out that the agreement between the Travancore Princely State and the British regime had been wrongly entered into without properly assessing the border limits, he said.
The Travancore Princely State had its borders till Arur and Kottarakarai on the Tamil Nadu side, but the British regime had included Peermedu and Devikulam areas and signed the agreement, the DMK leader claimed. Later, realising that the dam site belonged to Tamil Nadu and there might be any conflicts in future, the Travancore Maharaja, had offered to give those areas and suggested that the then British Governor in Chennai take back those areas by giving Rs six lakh.
The Maharaja had twice written to the British Governor and if the Governor had replied to the letters and restored the rights of Tamil Nadu over these areas, the Mullaiperiyar dam row would have come to an end then itself. “Thanks to the mistake committed by the British Governor and due to the wrong approach during the partition of state on linguistic basis, the Mullaiperiyar issue is continuing till now,” the DMK leader said.
Kalaignar said right from the beginning, Economic Experts like B.Natarajan had been stating Peermedu and Devikulam should be included in Tamil Nadu failing which the southern districts of Tamil Nadu would be deprived of water for irrigation and suffer. The warnings issued by the experts, feelings of the people of Tamil Nadu and demands made by DMK and other political parties, have subsequently been ignored, paving way for the problems now, he said.
He said on the occasion of Pongal festival on January 14, 1956, Arignar Anna, in an epistle to partymen, had explained in detail that Peermedu and Devikulam belonged to Tamil Nadu. Later, after consulting Tamilarasu Kazhagam, Communist Party and Praja Socialist Party, Anna had organised a general strike and led a rally in 20 February, 1956 on the issue. Presided over by Justice Party Leader P T Rajan, the rally, participated by lakhs of people, was taken out in Chennai.
Leaders like Anna, Communist Party Leader P. Jeevanandam and Silambu Chelvar Ma Po Sivagnanam took part in the rally, Kalaignar recalled. Later, addressing a public meeting, Anna had said Tamils were unanimous in getting back Peermedu and Devikulam and they had no problem with Keralites.
Anna said, “The three parties DMK, Communist and Tamilarasu Kazhagam say Devikulam – Peermedu belong to Tamils and Socialist Party says in support, PSP says it is just; Dravidar Kazhagam says so.” The funny part is Congress Party also says ‘Devikulam-Peermedu for only Tamils’.
Then with whom is our quarrel? Ours quarrel is only with the inactiveness of some. Cunningness of some and the dual stand of some.
There is no quarrel with Malayalees. But if asked whether Malayalees joined together and said, “We won’t give Devikulam-Peermedu taluks to Tamils”, No! then who refutes? They unanimously passed resolution in the Assembly for including Devikulam-Peermedu with Tamil Nadu.
The Congress Ministry introduced that resolution. All parties in the country demand Devikulam, Peermedu to be annexed to Tamil Nadu. There are none among Tamils who do not demand that. The people of the area have shown to the world and rulers.”
Thereafter the resolution for annexing Devikulam, Peermedu areas with Tamil Nadu was adopted by the DMK General Council meeting at Chidambaram on 29.1.1956, in the Second State Conference of the DMK in Tiruchi on 17, 18, 19, 20.5.1956, in the DMK Election Special Conference on 10.2.1957 held at SIAA Grounds, Chennai and in the following DMK conferences.

The age of Tholkappiyam

Prof. A.Ramasamy
Former Vice-Chancellor
Tolkappiyam, the oldest Tamil grammar text, was authored by Tolkappiyar. The name Tolkappiyam, according to S. Ilakkuvanar, “is derived from Tolkappiyan – the name of the author of the book”. The age of Tolkappiyar continues to be a disputed one. His age is fixed varying from 5320 B.C. to A.D. 500. We may also try to fix his age on the basis of the new interpretations of the old evidences.
K. Vellaivarananar, former Professor of Tamil in Annamalai University, says, “the upper limit of the period of Tolkappiyar is 5320 B.C. on the ground of the account of the three Tamil Sangams in Irayanar Ahapporul.” But the account of the Sangam, given in the introduction to the commentary on the Irayanar Ahapporual is enveloped in legend. The number of years of the existence of each Sangam crossing more than several thousands seems to be an exaggeration or on the basis of miscalculation of years. So, the fixation of the age of Tolkappiyar, on the basis of Irayanar Ahapporul’s account of Sangam is erroneous.
The age of Tolkappiyar was fixed as 5000 BPY by Maramalai Adigal;3 prior to 5000 BPY by Guna; 4000 BPY by Poet Kulanthai; 2000 B.C. by K. Subramania Pillai; prior to 1000 B.C. by S. Somasundara Bharathiar; 865 B.C. by
R. Mathivanan; and 8th century B.C. by A.S. Gnanasambandam and V.T. Chellam.
Panampaaranaar, in his introductory verse to Tolkappiyam, praises Tolkappiyar as Tolkappiyan well-versed in Aindram. R. Ragavaiyangar says that the study of Aindram, a grammatical work, was very popular during the time of Tolkappiyar and its study was neglected during the time of  Ilango Adigal, the author of Silappathikaram. Aindram lost its influence after the appearance of Astadhyayi, the grammar of Panini which became very popular ever since its inception and was learnt eagerly. If Tolkappiyar had lived in the age posterior to Panini, he might have studied the grammar of Panini and would not go for a work which lost its hold upon the scholars. Panvampaaranaar also might have praised Tolkappiyar as well - versed in Astadhyayi instead of Aindram. But, as it was not so, S. Ilakkuvanar concludes, “Tholkappiyar might have lived in an age anterior to Panini.” The age of Panini is fixed varying from 700 B.C. to 350 B.C.
The Sanskrit words found the way into the Tamil language during the time of Tolkappiyar only. That is why, Tolkappiyar had set rules for the borrowing of the Sanskrit words. If it had happened in the age preceding him, the rule might have been framed by his predecessors and he would not have failed to mention in his work. He was the first grammarian to make rules regarding the use of Sanskrit words in Tamil. The Sanskrit language came to Tamil Nadu along with the Aryans who, according to K.A. Nilakanta Sastri, had started entering Tamil Nadu from 1000 B.C. So, S. Ilakkuvanar suggests 1000 B.C. as the upper limit of the age of Tolkappiyar. Further, as there are no references to Jainism and Buddhism in Tolkappiyam, S. Ilakkuvanar says, “the lower limit of the age of Tolkappiyar may be taken as 600 B.C., the age of Buddha.” Finally, he concludes, “Tholkappiyar might have lived in the age between 1000 B.C. and 600 B.C. It may be somewhere about 800 B.C. or 700 B.C.”
7th century B.C. was fixed as the age of Tolkappiyam by G. Devaneya Paavanar, 590 B.C. by Era. Elangumaran, 5th century B.C. by  M. Varadarajan and C. Balasubramanian; 4th century B.C. by M. Srinivasa Iyengar; 3rd century B.C. by K.G. Sankara Iyer; and A.D. 4th or 5th century by S. Vaiapuri Pillai.
Conclusion: Panampaaranaar mentions in the Paayiram of Tolkappiyam the teacher of Athangodu as a great preacher of virtues, well-versed in four Marais (Vedas). Nachinaarkkiniyar, the commentator of Tolkappiyam, points out that the four Marais here do not mean Rig, Yajur, Sama and Atharva Vedas; but they mean Taittiriyam, Pausyam, Talavakaram, and Sama Veda. Further, he says that the Vedas were compiled by Vyasa, only after Tolkappiyam. Therefore, the age of Rig and other Vedas was later than Tolkappiyam. D.D. Kosambi says, “The Rig vedic hymns were properly edited, written down, and commented in South India during the second half of the fourteenth century B.C. The text had till then been memorised syllable by syllable (as a few scholars in India still do to this day), but not generally committed to writing.” This confirms that Tolkappiyam might have been written before fourteenth century B.C.
According to M. Sundarraj, “Vedas and Rig Vedic Sanskrit have been considerably influenced and shaped by Dravidian cultural factors, that is, linguistic, religious, social etc.” Further, he says, “at the first stage of impact between the highly developed Dravidian civilization and the nomadic and vigorous Aryan people, a process of civilization of the latter took place – as elsewhere – leading to the birth of the Sanskrit language and the evolution of Sanskrit literary conventions from the Dravidian base. The first result was the coming into being of a mixed language, which we call today Sanskrit. The material for the initial literary compositions in this language were taken from the culture of the teachers, who obvisously were the Dravidians.”
M. Sundarraj compares the 33 gods of Rig Veda with the 33 Tamil letters mentioned in Tolkappiyam and tables as follows: The two lists of 33 may be placed in juxtaposition to enable their relationship being examined in greater detail.
    Devas or    Letter or
    Isvara    Akasara
    (Sanskrit)    (Tamil)
Adityas    12    12    Vowels
Vasus     8    8    consonants which
            cannot begin a word
Rudras    11    10     consonants which can
            begin word
Vasatkara    1    1     Aidham
Prajapati    1    1     Kutrialugaram (short u)
        1     Kutrialigaram (short i)
    33    33
According to him, “It will be seen from this list how close a concordance exists between the two. The Adityas being representatives of the Sun, the life-giver, correspond not only in number but even in name, to the 12 vowels, which in Tamil are called Uyir (àJ˜) or ‘life-spirit’ or ‘the principles of life’.”
Then he proceeds to explain in detail to show the concordance that exists between the 33 gods of Rig Veda and the 33 Tamil letters. Finally, he declares: “This very close correspondence cannot, in my view, be attributed to pure coincidence. Apparently we have here evidence once again of Dravidian (Tamil) cultural features appearing in a much disguised, or masked form in the Rig Veda. Briefly we may speculate in conclusion the reasons for this secrecy, whose clues were lost so early in Vedic history. Apparently the first composer in the Sanskrit language of the literature which formed subsequently the base of the Vedas drew their material from the Dravidian sources with which they were fully familiar.” This prompted him to say, “… that essentially, and more or less completely, the Rig Vedic cultural elements are of Dravidian provenance (more correctly Tamilian, the Indus valley civilisation being apparently a proto-Tamilian one), and that it may not be too far-fetched to describe the Rig Veda as a sort of Tamil Panchangam.” Thus the convincing arguments of M. Sundarraj lead to the inference that Tolkappiyam precedes Rig Veda.
K. Nedunchezhiyan elaborately discusses the age of Tolkappiyam in his well-researched Tamil work titled Tolkappiyam – Tirukkural: Kaalamum Karuthum. He endorses the views of M. Sundarraj and proceeds to point out further influences of Tolkappiyam on Rig Veda. Tolkappiyam divides a year into six seasons, each having two months. Rig Veda also divides a year into six seasons which, according to
K. Nedunchezhiyan, was due to the influence of Tolkappiyam. Tolkappiyar mentions Varunan as the sea-god. Rig Vedic Aryans were not sea-farers; yet, Varunan is mentioned as a sea-god in Rig Veda. K. Nedunchezhiyan opines that this was also due to the influence of Tolkappiyam. He further states two reasons for the influence of Tolkappiyam on Rig Veda. One is that Rig Veda was compiled in Tamil Nadu; and the other is that Rig Veda followed the Tamil letter tradition. So, he concludes that the age of Tolkappiyam is prior to Rig Veda.
Kodinilai, Kandhazhi, and Valli, referred in the Verse 88 – Porul of Tolkappiyam, according to S. Ilakkuvanar, “are interpreted by some scholars as to denote Sun, Fire and Moon, the worship of which appears to be prevalent in ancient Tamil Nadu”. K. Nedunchezhiyan opines that these three represent Tantric Cult and points out that seals indicating these three traditions mentioned in Tolkappiyam were found out in the Indus valley. So, he says that Tolkappiyam belonged to the age of the last phase of the Indus valley civilization i.e. 1500 B.C.
The Paayiram of Tolkappiyam clearly states that Tolkappiyam was presented in the court of Nilantharuthiruvin Pandyan at his capital Kapatapuram in the presence of Athankottu Aasaan and other poets. Therefore, almost all Tamil scholars agree that Tolkappiyam belonged to the last phase of the Second Tamil Sangam held at Kapatapuram, which was engulfed by the sea around 1500 B.C. Therefore, we may safely conclude that Tolkappiyam might have been written in 1500 B.C.


‘Be broad-minded and shift Secretariat to new building’

DMK President Kalaignar M. Karunanidhi on Jan.13 requested Chief Minister Jayalalitha to rise above narrow political consideration and shift the Secretariat to the new building in the interest of the people and officials. “I want the Chief Minister to act in a broad-minded manner. I hope she will. Let us see,” he said in a statement.
The theme, ‘Let us see Almighty in the smile of the Poor’ is given by our Dravidian Movement leader Arignar Anna and the DMK is the movement working and striving all through for helping the poor, removing their sufferings and see smile in their faces, following that theme. Whenever the rule of DMK was on, we have implemented various welfare schemes, Kalaignar said.
“When I studied in elementary school and high school, a beautiful advertisement was inscribed in the high walls of temples. The heading of the advertisement was written as ‘Sacred work of Mobile temple’, which did not mean they were going to construct mobile temples. Some explained it as ‘mobile hospital’. My Tamil teacher Mahavidwan Dhandapani Desikar explained the meaning as, Man himself is mobile temple – and according to Saiva Sithantham (Saivite philosophy), repairs for the defects occurring in it is called ‘Thirupani’ (sacred work). Hence the advertisement wording means medical assistance. It is that sacred work that whenever the DMK government is formed, it is performing”, he said.
For example, we started Beggars Rehabilitation Scheme in 1971, Eye Camp Scheme in 1972, Free Cycle Rickshaw Scheme in 1973, Physically handicapped Welfare Scheme in 1974 and started Mercy Homes in 1975. The DMK rule created Moovalur Ramamirtham Memorial Poor Girls Marriage Assistance Scheme, Nagammayar Memorial Free Education Scheme for Poor Women and Dr. Muthulakshmi Pregnancy Financial Assistance Scheme, that also started, “Kalaignar Health Insurance Scheme for life saving treatments.”
For protection of heart, ‘Heart Protection Scheme’ for young children – school children was started by DMK rule. Heart surgeries were performed free of cost for 653 young children and 1663 school students at an expense of Rs.13.65 crore. Their lives were saved and we are happy to see them thanking and moving around.
We started during DMK rule, Health Insurance Scheme at a cost of Rs.517 crore per annum as the next stage of this scheme. Not only this scheme, but also under this department alone, Varumun Kappom scheme, Heart Surgery Scheme for young children and school children, Poor Pregnant Women Financial Assistance Scheme of Rs.6,000/- for nutritious intake, 24-hour PHCs functioning, New Health Insurance Scheme for government employees, and many such schemes were started during DMK rule and the poor were benefited. Particularly under Health Insurance Scheme for life saving treatments 1.34 crore families got registered, and upto 31.3.2011, 3,03,328 patients underwent surgeries in 702 recognised hospitals at a cost of Rs.781.40 crore.
Recalling the desire expressed by her in the Assembly many times to construct a new Secretariat, Kalaignar wondered who would be the loser if she refused to utilise the new building because it was constructed by the DMK government.
“Does she know that officials and employees working in the old Secretariat are facing difficulties because of space crunch? Does she know that they are blaming her for obstinately resisting the idea to shift the Secretariat to the new building,” he said.
On converting the New Secretariat building into a paediatric hospital, he asked, “Who is going to lose if the building is converted just because it was built in the DMK regime?”.
 “She should not view the schemes of the DMK government from the point of view of an opposition [party]. The schemes were not funded by my own money or by the DMK. The money came from the government. All are government schemes. It is not fair to differentiate them on the basis of the period to which they belong,” he argued.
Kalaignar said a party could win one election and come to power and lose it in another, and in a good democracy, working for the welfare of the people prevailed over all other considerations. Though Jayalalitha criticised the insurance scheme introduced by the DMK government, he had not reacted in a similar manner when the ADMK government brought in a new insurance scheme.
Kalaignar said he did not differentiate between schemes offered by various governments and expected his arch rival and Chief Minister Jayalalitha to be broadminded on such matters.
He expressed happiness over the increase in coverage of illnesses from 642 to 1,016 under the new scheme, the inclusive coverage of existing beneficiaries under the Kalaignar Life Insurance Scheme and increase in the premium to Rs 4 lakh per family for 4 years from an earlier Rs 1 lakh for the same period.
“I welcome the scheme for the fact that it offers Rs.4 lakh for four years while it was Rs.1 lakh for same period earlier,” he said. In an epistle to partymen, Kalaignar said he was happy that beneficiaries chosen for the earlier scheme would also be covered.
Referring to media reports, he said she had opposed the Kalaignar Insurance Scheme saying it would only benefit certain insurance companies and some persons in the then ruling DMK.
“While she had criticised it, I have welcomed (her initiative). At the same time I expect her to be broad-minded in treating all schemes being executed as government ones and not implemented from the monies of DMK or mine,” the DMK President said.
“We have never differentiated any scheme as ADMK or DMK. Though we improvised schemes implemented by the previous ADMK regimes, we never scrapped schemes just because it was implemented by ADMK,” he said.
Pointing out that DMK never sought to change the name of the nutritious meal scheme because it was introduced by former Chief Minister M.G.R, he said instead the DMK government in 1996 expanded it by providing two eggs a week and later three eggs a week, and 5 eggs per week from 17.9.2010 during DMK rule. 57,74,673 school boys and girls were benefited and 37,249 children who do not consuming eggs were given plantains.
All nutritious meals cooks, assistants and Anganwadi assistants working in consolidated pay during ADMK regime got special scales only during DMK rule. During ADMK regime those workers were not given any other allowances than DA. But only during DMK rule, they were paid HRA and CCA, medical allowance of Rs.100, from 1.6.2009 and Festival advance of Rs.2,000/
But the present rulers had announced that they would not accept New Secretariat Complex in Omandurar Govt Estate, Anna Centenary Library, Thai first day as Tamil New Year Day, Paavendar Classical Tamil Research Library etc., because they were started during DMK rule. Although the Housing Scheme intended to make Tamil Nadu as a hut-free state was given up they have announced starting of another Green Housing Scheme.
He said the DMK rule always took into consideration the advantages of the schemes irrespective of their origin and never viewed them with narrow political motives.

“People will regret Cho’s idea of Jayalalitha as PM”

People of Tamil Nadu who know very well of Jayalalitha accusing MGR of envious of her and doing everything to finish her off from politics and public life; and MGR charging her as of a dangerous person using anybody for her purpose and regretting his mistake of promoting her in excess of her age and capacity, will now regret over the idea of Cho S.Ramaswamy of making her the Prime Minister, said DMK President Kalaignar M.Karunanidhi.
Replying to a question on Jayalalitha’s epistle to her party workers on the occasion of MGR birth anniversary, attacking him and hailing MGR, Kalaignar said it was MGR who drafted Jayalalitha into politics. In a letter she wrote to the then Prime Minister Rajiv Gandhi in her own handwriting, she had accused MGR on envying her influence and popularity which he could not digest and doing everything possible to finish her off from politics and public life;
And MGR, just before his death gave an interview to old ‘Makkal Kural’ on Jayalalitha, saying, ‘Nobody can be believed. Ammu’s (Jaya’s) audacity is intolerable. Thinking something I involved her in politics. Attempt to make Pillayar has ended as monkey. Now this Ammu, who has learnt intrigue, vow, deceit and conspiracy is trying to even finish me off! This Ammu is dangerous; she will use anybody for her purpose; she won’t hesitate to do anything. It is my mistake to have promoted her to a position in excess of her age and capacity.” People of TN who know both these, after reading Jayalalitha’s statement now will not but regret, ‘Alas! Are we having such a person as CM; and Sriman Cho says that he will make this person of all the people as PM.’
On Jayalalitha claiming that ‘the ADMK, which uprooted evil force called Karunanidhi, cannot be won by anybody’, Kalaignar said, “Not only Jayalalitha. Except nature this Karunanidhi cannot be felled by anybody.” Victory and defeat alternatively come in elections. ADMK faced huge defeats in Parliament elections when MGR was alive and on Assembly elections when she contested from Bargur. The Assembly elections in 1996 and 2006 had belied her assertion that ‘there is no other movement in this land to win against ADMK.’ “While reading Jaya’s challenge I am only reminded of the line in my poem, ‘whatever it be can a turkey be peacock? Or tail end be knife tip?’
The following is the explanation for her calling Kalaignar as ‘evil force.’ On page 130 of a ‘Ananda Vikatan’ photo album, they have generously published what Thanthai Periyar said about him. “Our Chief Minister Kalaignar is a great rationalist. In India except this state in other states are rules of believers. Only in our state a rationalist’s rule is on. By conducting himself as such rationalist and as a rare rationalist with forethought in the art of ruling, he became one providing new life to Tamils.”
In the same album on page 131, they have also published what Arignar Anna said about him, “In the DMK there are only those who know me fully. Karunanidhi has a very special place among those who totally know me.”
On page 133 of the album, they have published what MGR said about him, “Kalaignar and me have 20 years connection. Then I was at Coimbatore where we lived together. But he was a self-respect man and I as a Congress man, then I tried to win him over to my side. But what happened? I was attracted to his side. Today that attraction has resulted in he being the DMK President and I as Treasurer. It will be a big mistake if somebody thinks that Kalaignar has glory and reputation only because he is CM now. Even before all these positions came in search of him, Kalaignar was capable for fame and reputation.”
“Reading these views of these leaders Periyar, Anna and MGR, Tamil people will realize the truth. But hasn’t this lady without forgetting, referred to me as ‘evil force’ even during MGR birth anniversary? I think this reply is enough for her magnanimity (?) But one thing: In her statement hasn’t Jayalalitha pointed out that I am selfish as ‘my family, my wife, my offsprings?’ The reply for it is as follows:-
“Karunanidhi is one who strive as my country, my state and my race. This truth; I am not the ‘selfish person’ who destroyed a family, separated husband and wife without allowing them to run family itself. Giving even statement that ‘everything for me is the non-sibling associate;  running family with her during all difficult periods and driving her out after prosperity dawns! Selfishness is only writing and speaking line byline - ‘Government headed by me’, ‘I have issued orders’, ‘my rule’ etc.!
This Karunanidhi is who endeavoured all through life for motherland Tamil Nadu, mother language Tamil and Tamils, made numerous sacrifices, got imprisoned and till date working for Tamil people and for safeguarding democracy! Even at this age I travelled 400 km by car to meet in person people affected by cyclone ‘Thane’ and console them and not returned after conducting a function in ten and a half minutes,” Kalaignar said.
Not new schemes: Kalaignar said recent announcements by Jayalalitha about various projects involving large allocations of funds were misleading as these were not new schemes, but only a repeat of what had been unveiled in the revised budget for 2011-12. Asked about the Chief Minister’s announcement on Jan.16 about the launch of a Rs. 6,654-crore Integrated Urban Development Mission and its decision to spend Rs. 757 crore this fiscal for work in urban localities, Kalaignar said the Finance Minister’s budget speech on August 4 last had mentioned in Para 111 that Rs. 750 crore had been provided for the urban development mission.
He said normally major schemes were unveiled in the budget and the relevant government orders would follow suit soon thereafter. “With just two months and a half left this fiscal, these orders pertaining to announcements made in the budget are coming out one by one only now,” he said. “These schemes cannot be implemented this fiscal in the remaining two and a half months,” he added.
Citing an example, he said the present regime had scrapped the DMK government’s scheme to replace three lakh huts with concrete houses every year, and sought to replace it with a scheme to build ‘green houses’. As many as 60,000 houses would be built this year, the government had claimed, but only seven houses had been built so far, he claimed.

We’ll never give-up fighting spirit: Kalaignar

Former Chief Minister and Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam President Kalaignar M.Karunanidhi has called for promotion and spreading of Tamil music (Thamizhisai).
Advising the rulers not to try in anyway to obstruct or to nipout Tamil- Tamilar consciousness, Kalaignar declared ‘we will never give up our duty to induce rulers and fighting spirit for the spread of Tamil music and for the flowering of ‘Tamilan consciousness.’
Speaking at the 34th music festival organised at the T.N.Rajarathnam Pillai Auditorium by the Mutthamizh Peravai Arakkatalai in Chennai on Jan.17, 


Kalaignar said, “I have the pride of participating in the anniversaries of this Peravai every year in the last 34 years. Many elders, musical geniuses, world-renowned musical vidwans who were seated in this hall from the first to tenth anniversaries are not here now.. They had been called back by nature, I and many of you cannot get the opportunity to see them in the first and second rows and exchange love and affections. But they had developed this organization for ten years and left it in charge of us. I am committed to take the determination to endeavour and develop this forum further.”
Referring to ‘Iyal Selvam’ awardee Suba Veerapandian complaining that those who distributed sweet pongal on Pongal festival day were prevented and arrested in Coimbatore, Kalaignar sarcastically said that they might have done so according to medical advice that diabetes should not consume sweet. The incident need not be considered and criticized as against our culture, literature and customs.
Kalaignar said he had helped for getting and land for constructing this auditorium in the name of Nadaswara Chakravarthi Tiruvaduthurai T.N.Rajarathinam Pillai, which had been fulfilled. Anna was very affectionate to TNR and honoured him. TNR was not only a musical genius but also inculcated spirit of self-respect and Tamil consciousness among the section called Isai Vellalar in the field of music. Although he is no more, scientific development has helped us to preserve his music and hear and enjoy through scientific instruments.
Pointing out to the two portraits of M.S.Subbulakshmi and TNR kept there, he said this forum would for ever sing their glory.
Appealing to the rulers to help spreading of Tamil music and for the flowering of Tamil consciousness, Kalaignar said the rulers had the responsibility of protecting Tamil language. “We have the duty and fighting spirit to induce them to fulfill their responsibility. We will never give up that fighting spirit. With that fighting spirit I request the rulers not to attempt in any way to obstruct, burry and nip out the consciousness of Tamil and Tamilian. Tamil Isai mean Tamil’s glory. This forum should endeavour for further develop music.
“I do not want to speak for long lest some new danger might befall on this forum. That was why I intervened while Durai Murugan was speaking and diverted, the reason for which you (the audience) might have understood. Because he also understood, he limited his speech to the point and finished” Kalaignar said.
He said when someone tried to promote, popularise and spread Tamil music, it meant that he was trying to serve the language and sing its paeans.
The rulers should not be found wanting in this regard and should not give room for any type of allegation in this connection. “Those at the helm of affairs need not be the enemies of music in the regional language,” he added. At the same time, he said, “We have the fighting spirit to make the rulers accord due regard to Tamizhisai.”
Former Minister Durai Murugan lamented that it took decades to make musicians render Tamil songs in the sabhas of Tamil Nadu. A legendary Carnatic musician refused to sing from the platform where another sang in Tamil, he pointed out. Only the Raja Annamalai Mandram and the Mutthamizh Peravai had been rendering yeoman service to Thamizhisai for long, he added.
Earlier, Kalaignar conferred awards on various personalities for their service to various forms of “mutthamizh”. They are Suba.Veerapandian ( speech), S.R.G.K.Kalyanasundaram (nadhaswaram), Sanjay Subramaniam (vocal), Indira Rajan (Bharathanatyam), Kabilarmalai Thyagarajan (thavil), Kandathevi Vijayraraghavan (violin) and Kudanthai A.Saravanan (mridhangam).

A historic feat for Indian Democracy


On the occasion of the centenary of International Women’s Day (March 8), we, Indians have a reason to feel ashamed of and conscience-striken over the state of affairs of the country’s polity: and, yet have another to console ourselves for having attempted to set right the wrong, albeit, belatedly.
Our tall claim of being the largest democracy in the world (or the second largest, according to the version of the USA) requires to be subjected to introspection when the fact that India lags behind its neighbours and Asia as a whole when it comes to gender balanced legislatures stares on our faces. Reservation to ensure fair representation of women in national legislative bodies seems more the norm than exception globally with almost 100 countries having some quota system in place. India happens to be in a minority group of about 20 countries that have no system at all to ensure a more gender-balanced national legislature. How ill-informed or under-informed are our leaders who fight against Women’s Reservation Bill could be gauged by the contention of Lalu Prasad, RJD chief, that nowhere in the world do women have reservation in legislative bodies.
The average proportion of women in the national legislatures is 18.5% for the Asian region, considered low by international standards, but almost twice as high as in India (10%). Even within South Asia, only Sri Lanka (6%) has a worse record. Both countries have no quota system for women in their parliaments. In Pakistan, 22% of the National Assembly seats are held by women, made possible through the quota policy that reserves 17.5% of seats for women. In Nepal, the proportion of women members is 33% thanks to the constitutional stipulation that women must constitute at least 33% of the legislatures and electoral laws that mandate that 50% of any party’s candidates should be women. In Bangladesh, a constitutional amendment was brought in to reintroduce quotas for women, by which 45 seats out of the total 345 seats are reserved for women. After 2008 election, Bangladesh parliament has 65 women MPs - 19% of the total seats. Incidentally, China has 21% women in the National People’s Congress without any quota policy.
Rwanda, which has reserved seats for women, is the only country in the world with more women (56%) than men in their national legislative body. This is followed by Sweden with 47%, South Africa (45%), Iceland (43%), Argentina (42%), the Netherlands (41%) and Norway and Senegal with 40%. In the list of 11 countries with the highest representation of women in their national legislatures, five (Sweden, South Africa, Iceland, the Netherlands and Norway) have voluntary political party quotas for women. Angola and Costa Rica, both with 37% seats occupied by women, have electoral laws granting quotas. Only two countries in the list, Denmark (38%) and Senegal have no quota systems. The widely accepted benchmark to ensure critical mass of women parliamentarians is 30%. Yet, the proportion of women, in parliaments globally stood at just 18.8%, according to the Inter-parliamentary Union (IPU). By July 2008, 21 countries had met the 30% critical mass target.  It was also noted that countries that reached 30% benchmark had done so through measures such as proportional representation system and electoral quotas. Countries that rely solely on the usual majority electoral system (like India) consistently show low levels of representation of women.
From all these facts and figures, the truth that we can discern is that, gender inequality or gender discrimination is universal, irrespective of ethnicity, language, culture, religion, or community and hence the oldest form of social inequality or social injustice in the history of civilization worldwide. Even in our country, with the peculiar stratification of society as varnas/castes, the lower one subservient to the higher in the order, the male-chauvinist society keep women as a whole subjugated to men, all through their lives, from birth to death. Manu Dharma sastra decrees, ‘A woman should obey the father as an infant, obey the husband in her youth or and obey the children when widowed. A woman cannot at anytime exercise her will independently’ (chap. 5.S.148). RJD leader Lalu Prasad (who, along with other opponents of Women’s  Reservation Bill, Mulayam Singh Yadav of Samajwadi Party, Sharad Yadav of Janata Dal–United and Mayawati of the BSP, champion the cause of social justice and positive affirmative measures like reservation for OBCs in education and employment), echoes the same oppressive voice of Manu Smriti when he says, “It’s a male-dominated society. If I ask my wife to vote for a particular party, do you think she will vote for another party?”
If the caste-ridden society of ours, people in the lower orders are considered and treated as slaves of those in higher orders, then the status of women is nothing but ‘slaves of the slaves’ with no independence or discretion. True social justice requires removal of this universal, crudest and oldest form of injustice meted out nearly half the population because of birth and hence emancipation of women should be on top of the agenda of the movement for social justice.
Women are also economically exploited. India already has the most working women in the world, a truism goes beyond the statistic that they comprise 35% of the nation’s total formal workforce of 400 million. Yet, they are denied of equal wages for equal work, property and inheritance rights etc., although they supplement family income and in large number of families the main supporters.
It was because of these historic injustices meted out to women that the true rationalist, original thinker and pioneer of the struggle for social justice in India, Thanthai Periyar took up the task of women’s emancipation as the foremost of the Self-respect movement. His views on women’s emancipation are far-reaching and beyond time-limits, perceptible for centuries to come. The book ‘The Second Sex’, written by Simone de Beauvoir and originally published in French is considered to be the foundational track of contemporary feminism and held as the Gospel by feminists all over the world. But Periyar wrote his testament ‘bg© V‹ moikahdhŸ?’ (Why woman became a slave?) even 20 years prior to that book. This book of Periyar is comparable to that of ‘Origin of Family, Private Property and the State’ written by Karl Marx and Fredrick Engels.
It is with this objective of social justice through women’s emancipation and assiduously treading the path shown by Periyar and Anna, that the DMK-led by Kalaignar had been consistently supporting the women’s Reservation Bill for providing 33% reservation for women in Lok Sabha and State Assemblies. The Bill was originally drafted by the United Front government in 1996-97. Since then both the BJP (but not its Shiv Sena ally) and the Congress have tabled it in Parliament several times. But as has been well documented, without the requisite backing from the largely male-dominated political class, neither party could push it through.
It is, therefore, a matter of considerable national pride and really significant in political sense that led by both UPA chairperson Tmt. Sonia Gandhi and Prime Minister Dr. Manmohan Singh, the government was able to summon the political will  to go for the breakthrough, which will surely have far going and profound effects on the ground.
In the tortuous 14 years  that it has taken for the bill to come this far, there is little doubt that it has taken women at the very rung of the social ladder to demonstrate what can be achieved when they are ‘given’ the power to change things. The 33% reservation for women in panchayat raj institutions – now raised to 50 – has changed the political, social and economic landscape of rural India. Little question that when reservations for women were first instituted at the panchayat level, politicians used female relatives as proxies to keep rivals at bay and extend their circle of power. Study after study shows, however, that these same women used the foot in the door to improve the lives of those around them in terms of improving female education, healthcare, roads, connectivity, even bringing in new concepts like rain water harvesting and better management of agri products.
The opponents of the Bill insist on sub-quota for OBCs and minorities within the 33% reservation for women, for which Kalaignar has given a convincing reply – let us get the women’s quota first and later work out sub-quotas. Moreover, the Constitution provides reservation in legislatures for Scheduled Castes and Tribes on community basis and not for OBCs and minorities. So this has to be addressed in the larger framework of the existing general category (sans quota for SCs and STs), if these protagonists are sincere to the cause, they espouse, of seeking social justice for OBCs and minorities and mobilize people towards that goals. If their plea is accommodated right now in the Women’s Reservation Bill, it may be struck down as unconstitutional by the Supreme Court. Moreover, their apprehension that OBCs might get un/under-represented in the new arrangement is unfounded given the harsh reality in our electoral polity. Winnability being the sole criterion, almost all political parties invariably field their candidates from among the largest caste/community in respective constituencies, which cannot be the forward ones. OBCs have more than fair representations in Parliament and State Assemblies right now because of this factor.
The World Economic Forum in its 2009 report on the global gender disparities ranks India 114th in a list of 134 countries. Given the troubling statistics, starting with the worsening sex ratio in the 0-6 age group in population, eliminating the gender gap in its various dimensions should be a top political priority for rising India. Greater representation of women in legislatures and Parliament is sure to force a shift of focus towards this priority.
Clearly, the Women’s Reservation Bill may be no magic wand to cure all our ills – female foeticide and infanticide, female illiteracy, the skewed sex ratio, malnutrition, assault and battery, sexual slavery – but it will give the right-thinking woman the ability to back her gender-friendly voice power packed, enforceable legislation. The problems that face women will not change with one bill/legislation. Nevertheless, it’s a beginning. May be a hundred years from now there will be no need for reservation for women at all!      

(14-03-10)